Inquiry under Section 202 of the CrPC (Section 225, BNSS) before issuing summons to an accused residing outside territorial jurisdiction is mandatory only for private complaints. Where a com..

Under Section 133 of the Indian Contract Act, variance in the terms of a contract between the principal debtor and creditor, made without the consent of the surety, discharges the surety onl..

A non-party adversely affected by a judgment is not without remedy. Such a person may seek review of the judgment or approach the appropriate forum to ventilate grievances. In service matter..

Contempt jurisdiction extends beyond parties named in a judgment. A third party who has knowledge of a court order and knowingly assists in its non-compliance, or whose conduct frustrates it..

A lathi is not inherently a harmless weapon; its lethality depends on the manner of use, the part of the body targeted, and the force employed. Repeated blows on vital regions such as the pa..

Under Section 149 IPC, every member of an unlawful assembly is equally liable for acts committed in furtherance of the common object, irrespective of the specific role or individual blow att..

Evidence collected during an illegal search is not automatically inadmissible. Under Indian evidence law, relevancy is the primary test of admissibility, not the legality of the method of co..

Delivery of possession without a valid Occupancy Certificate constitutes deficiency in service; a developer cannot compel a homebuyer to accept such possession. Consumer fora derive jurisd..

Principles restraining bail in heinous offences apply equally to serious economic offences, as economic well-being of citizens forms part of the value of life protected under bail jurisprude..

Bail granted solely on parity with co-accused, without independently examining criminal antecedents, absconding conduct, use of fake identities, and likelihood of repeat offences, is pervers..

A Magistrate retains power under Sections 209 and 323 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to commit a case to a Court of Sessions if any offence is exclusively triable by that court, including..

Information leading to discovery of facts is admissible under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act only when given by a person in police custody at the time of making the statement. Absence..