Under Section 149 of the IPC, every member of an unlawful assembly is vicariously liable for acts committed by any member in furtherance of the common object. Absence of a specific eyewitnes..

Acquittal of a co-accused or failure of a conspiracy charge under Section 120B of the IPC does not automatically result in acquittal of a public servant on the substantive charge under Secti..

Vague and omnibus allegations, without attribution of specific acts, dates, or places, cannot sustain criminal proceedings under Section 498A of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Pro..

Inquiry under Section 202 of the CrPC (Section 225, BNSS) before issuing summons to an accused residing outside territorial jurisdiction is mandatory only for private complaints. Where a com..

A lathi is not inherently a harmless weapon; its lethality depends on the manner of use, the part of the body targeted, and the force employed. Repeated blows on vital regions such as the pa..

Under Section 149 IPC, every member of an unlawful assembly is equally liable for acts committed in furtherance of the common object, irrespective of the specific role or individual blow att..

Evidence collected during an illegal search is not automatically inadmissible. Under Indian evidence law, relevancy is the primary test of admissibility, not the legality of the method of co..

Principles restraining bail in heinous offences apply equally to serious economic offences, as economic well-being of citizens forms part of the value of life protected under bail jurisprude..

Bail granted solely on parity with co-accused, without independently examining criminal antecedents, absconding conduct, use of fake identities, and likelihood of repeat offences, is pervers..

A Magistrate retains power under Sections 209 and 323 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to commit a case to a Court of Sessions if any offence is exclusively triable by that court, including..

Information leading to discovery of facts is admissible under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act only when given by a person in police custody at the time of making the statement. Absence..

Victim compensation under Section 357 CrPCis not an alternative to a sentence or punishment imposed. Punishment is punitive in nature and cannot be purchased by money. Treating compensation ..