Wanton Provocation--Social Media Post--Absence of Intent to Cause Rioting Under Section 153 IPC Warrants Quashing
An offence under Section 153 IPC requires an illegal act done maliciously or wantonly, with intention or knowledge that such provocation will cause rioting. Sections 153 and 153A IPC require proof of mens rea to provoke violence or create public disorder, and speech must be evaluated for promoting communal enmity, not mere criticism. Criminal liability cannot arise merely on association or suspicion, without specific allegations of promoting hatred between groups. An FIR is only the foundation of investigation and cannot substitute for evidence, so detailed factual evaluation is avoided at the Section 482 CrPC stage.
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