Clinically Administered Nutrition constitutes medical treatment and may be withdrawn in accordance with the judgment in Common Cause. Where Primary and Secondary Medical Boards unanimously c..

Call Detail Records, being electronic evidence, are inadmissible unless accompanied by a certificate under Section 65-B(4) of the Indian Evidence Act. Examination of nodal officers of teleco..

Admission of additional evidence at the appellate stage under Order XLI Rule 27 of the Code of Civil Procedure is discretionary. No vested or automatic right exists in favour of a party to p..

Vague and omnibus allegations, without attribution of specific acts, dates, or places, cannot sustain criminal proceedings under Section 498A of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Pro..

Title in immovable property vests in an auction purchaser upon confirmation of sale. Where an auction purchaser is already in possession on the date of institution of suit, formal delivery o..

Inquiry under Section 202 of the CrPC (Section 225, BNSS) before issuing summons to an accused residing outside territorial jurisdiction is mandatory only for private complaints. Where a com..

Under Section 133 of the Indian Contract Act, variance in the terms of a contract between the principal debtor and creditor, made without the consent of the surety, discharges the surety onl..

A non-party adversely affected by a judgment is not without remedy. Such a person may seek review of the judgment or approach the appropriate forum to ventilate grievances. In service matter..

Contempt jurisdiction extends beyond parties named in a judgment. A third party who has knowledge of a court order and knowingly assists in its non-compliance, or whose conduct frustrates it..

A lathi is not inherently a harmless weapon; its lethality depends on the manner of use, the part of the body targeted, and the force employed. Repeated blows on vital regions such as the pa..

Under Section 149 IPC, every member of an unlawful assembly is equally liable for acts committed in furtherance of the common object, irrespective of the specific role or individual blow att..

Evidence collected during an illegal search is not automatically inadmissible. Under Indian evidence law, relevancy is the primary test of admissibility, not the legality of the method of co..